ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that despite their diversity, women's movements of the second wave in Western Europe, just as their first-wave sisters, made claims for the completion of the agenda of citizenship that had emerged on the "old continent" after the French Revolution and throughout the nineteenth century. In doing so, moreover, the movements innovated, extending the notions of citizenship rights to incorporate new territory. The chapter discusses how second-wave movements, even more than their predecessors, mobilized for cultural change. They often used consciousness-raising as a strategy for generating solidarity. In doing so, they also made demands for the democratization of social and political life. It also created a major tension both within the movement and with its allies over how to address sexual and other differences. Civil rights provided protection of the right to work and set boundaries around a sphere of individual liberty.
