ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses three separate armed resistance actions, one in Italy, one in France, and one in what was then Hungary but is in Serbia. This selection is based on the consideration that the fairly well-known resistance actions and reprisals in Italy and France offer the possibility for further readings to those interested. In brilliant countermeasures, the often minuscule, but determined, German military forces disarmed the vast Italian army on the Italian peninsula and in the Balkans, Greece, and France. In addition, German paratroopers freed Mussolini, who then decided to form the so-called Salo Republic in northern Italy. In Rome there was considerable anti-German resistance activity by three groupings: the conservative monarchists, the moderates, and the Communists and allied Socialists. The military policemen were draftees from the South Tyrol, a German-speaking region in Italy whose inhabitants had been Austrian citizens until 1918, were Italian citizens between the two wars, and were German citizens.
