ABSTRACT
Iran is the only non-Arabic-speaking country in the Persian Gulf area, with a distinct language and a unique history and culture. Modern Iran has at least three sources of influence for its culture and politics: Persian, Shi'a, and Western. In response, Great Britain and the Soviet Union invaded Iran in August 1941 and occupied it throughout World War II. The Soviet Union also meddled in Persia, working to gain support in Iran through the Iranian communist Tudeh Party. In October 1954, British Petroleum obtained 40 percent of the Anglo-Iranian interests, while Royal Dutch Shell got 14 percent. Between 1964 and 1973, Iran experienced significant economic growth under the so-called White Revolution, which included land reform, public sale of stateowned factories, worker profit sharing, and efforts to increase literacy. Iran offered to rescue downed American aircrews during the attacks on Afghanistan and avoided criticism of US policy in confronting terrorism.
