ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses the intertwined dynamics of migration and political reconfiguration in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The openness to immigration had economic-demographic roots: both the Ottoman state and the Turkish republic through the interwar period viewed their territories, and Anatolia in particular, as underpopulated, and sought to encourage immigration in order to promote demographic growth and economic development. Ethnic Hungarian migration from the lost territories remained comparatively limited in scope, chiefly because it was primarily an elite migration, confined for the most part to the upper and middle classes. German migration to Germany involved at least half of the German population of the ceded territories, while the Hungarian migration to Hungary only about 13 percent of the ethnic Hungarian population of the ceded territories. Migration will probably be the dominant Russian response to non-Russian nationalisms in Central Asia and Transcaucasia.
