ABSTRACT
In the tradition that begins with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, one thinks of socialism as "the socialization of the means of production" or "the taking over of all productive forces by the society itself". The goal of socialism is to increase the leisure of all persons so that they can enjoy their efforts at "self-realization through creative work". Freedom is often posed as the central value in socialism: A socialist society provides freedoms unknown in a capitalist society. Once capitalism has been replaced by socialism, groups will be able to shape their social relations and their institutions according to "a settled plan". Marx refers to the coming proletarian revolution in which the proletariat will take power from the capitalists. The proletarian revolution in the first sense, the transfer of power from capitalists to proletarians, would have to employ the tactic of revolution in the second sense—an uprising—that would take political power away from the capitalists.
