ABSTRACT
The fact that all American racial and ethnic minority groups have not been treated according to the rhetoric of the nation's founding principles has resulted in differences in these groups' contemporary political status based on differential resources, histories of political activism, and levels of access to political participation. Unlike the black civil rights movement, the Chicano movement relied less on established organizational resources and more on the energies of young people. The middle-class college students were in a unique position to raise questions about the racial implications of US military policy. Thus, much like the Chicano movement, the Asian American movement was youth-oriented and drew less on established organizations than did the black movement. On a broader scale, the Hawaiian Renaissance, founded in the 1970s, was a collective Native Hawaiian movement designed to restore traditional Hawaiian culture and language.
