ABSTRACT
John Locke can be considered an initiator of the Age of Enlightenment in England, an inspirer of the federal constitution of the United States, and an influential philosophical and political force in Europe. The clarity that Locke sought in understanding the human mind was achieved in architecture by Richard Boyle and William Kent in the design for Chiswick House. Opposed alike to the pantheism of Spinoza and the empiricism of Locke, Wilhelm Leibniz built up an interpretation of the universe on a theory of matter known as "monadology. The seamy side of eighteenth-century urban life is conveyed in the accounts of two foreigner travelers to England. Zacharias Konrad von Uffenbach, a German tourist, kept a diary of his travels in England in 1710. César de Saussure, a French visitor, wrote to his family during his stay in England.
