ABSTRACT
In July 1915, an angry mob dragged Haitian President V. Guillaume Sam from his hiding place in the French legation in Port-au-Prince and dismembered him—a fate not uncommon for Haitian leaders. From 1918 to 1920, the Marines undertook a second campaign to suppress the insurgents, succeeding slowly until they killed the Caco leaders and dispersed their bands. The Caco version of guerrilla war mirrored tactics used by both Moros and Filipinos during the Army's first two small wars. By 1918, Caco attacks against the Marines had increased considerably, forcing the Marines back to the field again to wage their second campaign against the Cacos. This second campaign to crush Charlemagne's Cacos was probably the most brutal phase of the Haitian insurgency. One of the first and most important military measures undertaken was garrisoning troubled towns. To accomplish the garrisoning, the entire country was divided into three departments—Department of the Cape, Department of Port-au-Prince, and the Department of Cayes.
