ABSTRACT
Subnational actors are relatively autonomous parts of a state political system. The specific actors in this category in the Latin American and Caribbean context that are identified and analyzed in this chapter are political party associations, international labor movements, and guerrilla groups. Transnational political parties transcend state boundaries and seek international acceptance in an organized way. The Second International held its first meeting in 1889 and continued until its collapse in 1914, with the outbreak of World War I. It took the name Socialist International in 1951 at the pivotal Frankfurt Conference, which adopted the "Principles and Tasks of Democratic Socialism." In time the Socialist International expanded to include Social Democratic and Labor parties in many countries, including Latin America. The Inter-American Federation of Labor was organized in 1948 by non-Communist ex-members of the Confederation of Latin American Workers and other trade unions with the specific purpose of countering Communist influence in the Latin American labor movement.
