ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that duties of cosmopolitan justice exist because the condition that gives rise to duties of justice, namely, the appropriate form of association, exists globally. It also argues that there are no duties of justice among persons simply by virtue of the fact that they share a common nationality. Duties of justice are a subset of all moral duties. Justice is not the whole of morality; its object and scope are narrower. On the contrary, duties of justice arise between persons when activities such as politics or commerce bring persons into association. Duties of justice are duties about the nature of an association and about the principles that guide its institutions. Duties of justice are directed toward the general institutions of public life. Duties to obey, or construct, just public institutions are particularly important because, in the words of Rawls, the effects of the institutions and principles of association "are so profound from the start".
