ABSTRACT
An experienced administrator learns in time that the most serious and difficult ethical problems arise out of conflicts of loyalty and conflicts of involvements, activities. Neither the formal law nor the administrative law is always internally consistent; and public officials, both political executives and professional administrators, do not always agree in their interpretation of the law and its implementation through policies and programs. An administrator learns, no matter where he is in the hierarchy, that he seldom can get his own way in the sense that the decision made or action taken is exactly what he personally thinks it should be. Due process may be thought of as a basic principle of the unwritten constitution of the land which requires all administrators in exercising the power and discretionary authority with which they are entrusted to be informed, to be fair, to be rational, and to be reasonable.
