ABSTRACT
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921, swearing allegiance to the Communist revolution. After the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the CCP pursued the goals of modernization through economic development and establishment of pure communism through repeated trial and error. In the process of reform and liberalization in the 1980s, control of the Communist Party through personnel assignments underwent substantial change. With respect to lawmaking institutions, within the National People's Congress and the complementary National Political Consultative Congress, Communist Party committees are established and provide "guidance." After the Thirteenth Party Congress, through the initiative of Zhao Ziyang, a "variance vote" was conducted against Communist Party members at all levels of party and governmental leadership. Communist Party committees are established within the courts and the procuratorate, as they are within such mass organizations as trade unions, women's organizations, and youth organizations.
