ABSTRACT
The detection of neutrinos by Frederick Reines and Cowen opened up a new area of research, in which the neutrino could be used as a tool to investigate other aspects of the world. The search for solar neutrinos illustrates not only the use of the neutrino as a tool but also the fruitful interaction of theory and experiment. This chapter describes Davis's Homestake Mine experiment, its apparatus, the estimate of background, the data, and its analysis procedures in detail. Even before the Homestake Mine chlorine experiment was completed, the difficulties of the method led V. A. Kuz'min to suggest another possible method of detecting solar neutrinos. Kuz'min emphasized the advantages of using gallium as a target. The results from a Soviet-American Gallium Experiment (SAGE) appeared in 1991. At the same time that the SAGE experiment was being performed, a second gallium experiment, GALLEX, was running in a tunnel beneath a mountain at Gran Sasso in Italy.
