ABSTRACT

The coupling of gravitons to matter is so weak that there is truly no hope of observing quantum gravitational effects associated with particle events. The source tensor contains appropriately both the matter sources and the gravity sources. A soft graviton may be emitted when two particles scatter by any process, including graviton exchange. In the case of electromagnetism, the simplest cases of radiation often correspond to the dipole approximation, which is the first nonvanishing term in the sequence of integrals corresponding to an expansion of the exponential. Because the source is a tensor rather than a vector, the first nonvanishing term in gravitation is of a quadrupole character. The stresses in a direction along the wave vector are irrelevant. Every qualitative rule that was useful in electromagnetism is carried bodily over into gravitation. The graviton emission intensity is the square of the sum of the four amplitudes, so that in general it will be rather symmetric.