ABSTRACT
This chapter reflects upon key features of the many challenges integrating them through the construct of protecting and promoting human security. This integration is essential because of the sobering fact that so many of these transnational challenges are inextricably linked and dependent on one another, as they lie across the seams of issue and policy areas. The chapter depicts how individual security threats to human beings can quickly translate into national security concerns, and ultimately to global security issues. The differences amount to more than semantics because, under international law, the status of refugee provides more protection and possibility of international assistance than does being a migrant or an internally displaced person (IDP), where the host government still bears the major responsibility. Most refugees are hosted by developing countries which can ill afford to sustain them or meet their very real human security needs, enhancing the chances of more instability and conflict which can easily draw in outside powers.
