ABSTRACT
Orangutans are "loners" but researchers are now documenting the existence of a proto-community or a loose sense of an inclusive community structure. In chimpanzees, however, the community complex is one in which individuals live within a commonwealth, keeping male intruders out and otherwise protecting their homeland. In chimpanzee society, both males and females leave their mother's side after puberty but males stay within their natal community, while females move to another community. The horde or single "clan" is Durkheim cornerstone concept, a term he introduced in his 1887 lecture course on "Social Solidarity," depicting a horde as a free-standing aggregate or a macro-structure without kinship bonds or stable internal parts. The origin and nature of exogamy is another of David Émile Durkheim core assumptions. Chimpanzees can also use numbers to count things and to understand the underpinning relations among objects that are otherwise distinctly different.
