ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the guidelines, rules, and regulations that affect data and privacy protection in e-commerce, proposed by various international organisations. It analyses the related provisions in the e-commerce chapter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)/the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and provides insight how to regulate data and privacy protection to promote e-commerce. The chapter illustrates the role of data in promoting e-commerce growth and introduces efforts on regulating data and privacy from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and European Union. The chapter examines the provisions on e-commerce regulation that exist in the TPP/CPTPP agreement, as well as those written some other free trade agreement. E-commerce has been a major contributor to global economic development. E-commerce involves online transactions utilising digital technologies including Internet marketing, mobile communication, electronic funds transfer, automated data collection systems, and electronic data interchange systems.
