ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to provide a review of traditional and newer approaches that are established, evidence-based and emerging practices in promoting behavioral skill development and building flexibility among adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Treatment approaches for individuals with ASD with co-morbidities who are actively seeking therapy, should aim not to cure the disorder, but to maximize potential and improve quality of life. Beyond the cognitive challenges, behavioral deficits in self-management and social skills compound these issues that eventually lead to issues with mood and anxiety. A functional behavior assessment (FBA) is best-practice for identifying the purpose of a problem behavior. Through observation and data collection, one can predict when the problem behavior will occur and identify the environmental conditions that are reinforcing or maintaining it. A basic, and arguably the most important, concept of behavior analysis is the understanding that consequences are the strongest determinants in shaping behavior change.