ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the steady process whereby oxidative stress leads to Type 2 diabetes, and damages vascular endothelium, by causing loss of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. This loss results in both micro- and macrovessel damages as commonly seen in neuro- and vasculopathies present in many organs ranging from the eyes to the kidneys.
The chapter also cites the evidence for endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial stress in vasculopathies resulting from oxidative stress. Here also is a detailed discussion of various means of analysis permitting evaluation of damage due to diabetes. These include clinical correlates of arterial pulse waveform, and velocity, and flow-mediated vasodilation and reactive hyperemia.
