O brother, where art thou?

This chapter demonstrates how, when the Cold War ended, Turks in Turkey started speaking of Turkic peoples formerly behind the Iron Curtain as their ‘brothers’, and used this claim to form closer ties with Turkic groups. It is argued that Turkey has used three sets of kinship claims to engage in region-building, incidentally co-extensive with three failed notions of the nation that were proposed in political debates of the early twentieth century.