ABSTRACT
Diseases affecting wheat and barley: rusts R. F. Park, University of Sydney, Australia
1 Introduction
2 The incidence and impact of wheat rust diseases
3 The incidence and impact of barley rust diseases
4 Rust resistance genes
5 Rust pathogen biology
6 Integrated methods of rust control
7 Durable resistance
8 Future trends in research
9 Where to look for further information
10 Acknowledgements
11 References
Rust diseases are caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales. Those that attack important agricultural and horticultural species are among the most destructive of all plant pathogens. Three rust diseases occur in common wheat (Triticum aestivum): stem or black rust (caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici; Pgt), stripe or yellow rust (caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst) and leaf or brown rust (caused by P. triticina) (Table 1). All three pathogens can also infect durum wheat (Triticum durum), which in some regions is also infected by a second leaf rust causing pathogen, P. recondita. Barley is affected by four rust diseases: stem or black rust (caused by P. graminis), stripe or yellow rust (caused by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei; Psh), leaf or brown rust (caused by P. hordei), and crown rust (caused by P. coronata f. sp. hordei; Pch) (Table 1).
