ABSTRACT
Space travel and the extremes that will be encountered by astronauts potentially include the challenges of actually living on Mars with mega-wind storms, extreme temperatures, and 40–100 million miles of distance from Earth to Mars. No single area of technology and innovation will push the physical, medicinal, and psychological limits of what we collectively understand regarding the possibilities of extreme environments. Deep space exploration, especially attempting to colonise a planet like Mars, holds one of the most unique challenges of extreme medicine. Like most areas of development, the advent of any new field carries with it much chaos, mistakes, and rich learning for how it can be done significantly better. The incredible technical and scientific challenges that have never before been explored directly connect with the ethical and human factor elements that include a necessity to tolerate real boredom, just as much as sitting with unbelievable and unrelenting chronic stress.
