ABSTRACT

First published in 2001. This study shows how legitimate elections held under centralized authoritarian conditions before 1986, though not democratic, still contributed to democratization by creating the political space needed for democratic oppostion to arise.

chapter Chapter 1|32 pages

Elections and Democratization in the Philippines

chapter Chapter 2|38 pages

The Colonial Era and its Political Legacies, 1565-1945

chapter Chapter 3|32 pages

The Postwar Clientelist Electoral Regime, 1945-1972

chapter Chapter 5|62 pages

Elections and Democratization in the Marcos Era

chapter Chapter 6|84 pages

Local Struggles and National Regime Transition

chapter Chapter 7|18 pages

Conclusion