ABSTRACT
The renal arteries are usually approached retrograde, but an antegrade approach through a brachial puncture site can be used when the angle of the renal artery takeo R from the aorta is narrow or when severe aortoiliac disease prohibits catheterization of this segment. Chapter 6 contains a detailed discussion of renal artery catheterization. Chapter 8 provides information about aortorenal and selective renal arteriography. Supplies required for renal artery intervention are listed in Table 1.
