ABSTRACT
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved both the general and neurological outcome for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, HAART has changed the nature and treatment of HIV-related neurological diseases. These complications and the HAART-induced changes will be approached by using an anatomical framework (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscle). Within each part of the neuraxis, the complications will be discussed according to whether they are directly related to HIV, for example, dementia, or indirectly related, for example, an opportunistic infection such as cerebral toxoplasmosis. It is essential for the reader to appreciate that this review will be highlighting the more significant complications. For a full dissertation on the neurological complications the reader is referred to the recent book by Brew (1).
