ABSTRACT
In 1957, Landau and Kleffner reported a group of children with a syndrome of acquired epileptic aphasia (Landau-Kleffner syndrome, LKS) and in 1971, Patry et al. described the syndrome of epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS). These syndromes can be relatively distinct and the International League Against Epilepsy has recognized them as separate syndromes. An overlap of symptoms of these conditions has led to a developing view that these disorders may be related to each other with the common feature of electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES). Furthermore, they may be related to the less severe condition of benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes.
