Choanal Atresia

I. Introduction 531

II. Nasal vs. Oral Breathing 532

III. Epidemiology and Associated Anomalies 532

IV. Classification and Anatomy 533

V. Signs and Symptoms 535

VI. Diagnosis 535

VII. Management 537

VIII. Stenting and Postoperative Care 539

IX. Complications 540

X. Results 540

XI. Personal Series 540

Acknowledgment 548

References 548

I. Introduction

The abundant literature dealing with choanal atresia contrasts with the rather low

incidence of this pathology. Since the first description by Johann Roederer in

1755 and the first documented operation by Emmerett in 1854, more than 350

papers have been published dealing with the various aspects of this entity (1).