ABSTRACT
Since its introduction in the early 1990s, the laparoscopic approach to urologic surgical problems has benefited innumerable patients through decreased perioperative pain, more rapid recovery, and improved cosmesis. The number of laparoscopic procedures which can be offered to the urologic patient has exploded over the past decade as pioneers have sought to expand the indications for laparoscopy from relatively simple extirpative operations to complex reconstruction.
