ABSTRACT
Soon after the discovery of X-rays, near the end of the 20th century, the new science found
a use in medicine. Contrast studies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were one of the first
clinical applications. Until the middle of the last century contrast studies were virtually
the only way to evaluate GI tract. During the last century, much of our understanding
of GI function and disease was derived from these early studies. In the past 30-40
years endoscopy has largely replaced barium studies for the evaluation of mucosal
disease of the GI tract. Although barium studies are not as sensitive as endoscopy for
diagnosis of mucosal disease, by virtue of their simplicity, relative safety, and low cost,
the barium exam can provide complimentary as well as unique information about
esophageal disease. In the evaluation of esophageal function, the barium swallow
competes very effectively with manometry (1,2). Furthermore, when compared with
esophageal manometry, barium swallow technique is easier to interpret and does not
require additional expensive equipment or specialized training.
