ABSTRACT
EXPOSURE CONSIDERATIONS Exposure conditions can vary considerably and are often nonquantifiable. For example, in occupational settings an agricultural worker may be exposed to concentrated liquid pesticide while preparing a dilution for application; a painter may be exposed to a variety of solvents on a regular basis. Several studies have been conducted in attempts to improve quantification of dermal exposure. For example, Api et al. (4) attempted to measure the dermal hand transfer of three fragrance materials (cinnamic aldehyde, d-limonene, and eugenol) from scented candles. The candles were uniformly handled and the fragrance materials from each hand were recovered using isopropyl alcohol wipes. The residue/transfer from the candles to the hands was below the limit of detection for d-limonene and very low for the other two fragrances (0.26 μg/cm2 for cinnamic aldehyde and 0.28 μg/cm2 for eugenol). Others have attempted to establish default values for hand exposure (5) and used tape-stripping techniques to quantify dermal exposures to dusts and powders (6,7).
