ABSTRACT
Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................177 2 Societal and Political Transformation Since 1980 ...........................180 3 Anatolian Tigers and Islamic Capitalism ........................................183 4 EU-Induced Administrative Reforms .............................................185 5 Conclusion .....................................................................................190 Notes ....................................................................................................... 191 References ................................................................................................192
republic emerged as a centralized top-down state with an ambitious modernization and economic development project. The roots of this modernization can be found in the late Ottoman state reforms that aimed to preserve the disintegrating empire. From its establishment in 1923 until the end of the Second World War, highly insular and motivated technocrats led the modernizing reforms under single party rule in the Turkish Republic.
