ABSTRACT

We now would need guesswork, prior knowledge, or just good luck to add the correct amount of alkali of the right concentration and to do so at the correct time. We can imagine an expert system struggling to deal with the imprecision of this rule and coming up with advice along the lines of:

Naturally, this advice is of no use at all, but fortunately there is help at hand in the form of fuzzy logic, which provides a way to reason from vague information.