ABSTRACT
Machine vision systems combine image analysis with industrial automation. Cameras are used to capture images of real-world objects. The captured digital images are analyzed as per application requirements and the results obtained are used to initiate automated action. Digital images provide the foundation for image analysis and this chapter aims to give provide a fundamental understanding of digital images. Digital images and their characteristics, such as, size, resolution, brightness, and contrast have beenare discussed. Different types of digital images- - monochrome, gray scale, and color images- - and their representation have beenare explained. In addition, 2D, 3D, 4D, and multi-dimensional images as well as the formats for storage and transmission of digital images have been discussedare presented. This chapter covers some of the basic operations carried out on images,. These includinge point operations, thresholding, and geometric transformations like scaling, rotation, shearing, and mirroring. Image interpolation techniques, such as, nearest-neighbor, Bbilinear, and Bbicubic, have beenare described. Finally, Aan overview of digital image processing has been included under the broad headings of Ppre-processing, Ssegmentation, and Oobject Ddetection / Rrecognition.
