ABSTRACT
This chapter describes and analyzes smoke extraction and ventilation patterns along with sprinkler system in underground car parks. There is a large amount of literature that investigates mechanical systems in enclosed car parks. The chapter introduces the survey on investigations regarding smoke management. Residential buildings use natural ventilation systems for smoke control. Mechanical ventilation systems are best suited for buildings and areas that cannot fully benefit from natural air flow. The design of fire and smoke management systems can be classified into three methods. The first one is the experimental method where costly measurements and physical risks due to human presence may occur. The second is using zone calculations based on global estimations. The third is the computational fluid dynamics study which is based on the discretization of the Navier–Stokes and energy equations using the finite volume method in every location of the car park. Automatic fire sprinklers utilizing frangible bulbs follow a standardized color-coding convention indicating their operating temperature.
