ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for both men and women, with an annual incidence of approximately 53,000 new cases in the United States, of whom 43,000 are expected to die. Emerging immunotherapeutics including immune checkpoint blockade antibodies and CAR T cell therapies have led to durable response among responsive patients. However, challenges remain as only an objective response rate of 10–30% was observed among those receiving single agent immunotherapy. There is a growing need for individualized medicine solutions to guide patient selection by predicting treatment response, to spare patients from ineffective treatment, and also to avoid toxicity associated with immunotherapy. Opportunities for precision medicine have been expanded to the field of immune-oncology. Integrating immunotherapy with precision medicine by leveraging molecular, genomic, cellular, clinical, behavioral, physiological, and environmental parameters to tailor immunotherapy options has generated enormous interests.
