ABSTRACT
Ophthalmic emergencies may be grouped into traumatic or non-traumatic, and subdivided according to whether the eyelids are affected, or if the eye is red, painful or has diminished visual acuity. Steroid preparations should not be used except by an experienced ophthalmologist. Any condition diagnosed that requires steroids also needs an ophthalmic opinion first. Penetrating trauma is usually obvious, although on occasions it may be difficult to recognize initially and must be thought of after a high-velocity injury mechanism such as drilling or mowing. The pupil contracts, and tiny aggregates of cells, known as keratic precipitates may be seen on the inner surface of the cornea. Acute angle-closure glaucoma causes a unilateral red painful eye associated with a narrowed anterior chamber with obstruction to the outflow of aqueous humour.
