ABSTRACT
In the era of imperialist globalization, cohesive development means a complementary development of healthy human relations and productive forces as well as healthy prosperity of nature. There are two perspectives which help us understand how to achieve this cohesive development, which are those presented by Karl Marx and Jotiba Phule. Marx’s concept of alternative society envisaged converting private ownership of capitalist productive forces into social ownership, implying no change in the relation between humans and nature. However, the contradictions in his concepts help us develop a theory for an alternative developmental paradigm, based on healthy and interdependent relations of free humanity and nature. Phule, on the contrary, looks towards nature and human relationships in a more holistic manner. He includes the abolition of caste, gender exploitation, and economic exploitation within the concept of cohesive development. He deals with various components of nature like the forest, water, and agriculture as renewable resources on the basis of which the cohesive development could take place in a decentralized manner. Many inventions and experiments are taking place around the world by farmers, technologists, and scientists. Their combined efforts could prove the truth of a theory for bringing about a cohesive development in reality.
