ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the general concepts of dynamic interfaces and characterization methods. It reviews the emerging field of dynamic biointerfaces and their applications in bioelectronics. Dynamic biointerfaces are considered to be systems that show a responsive behavior and the ability to adapt to physical and/or chemical environmental changes in their surroundings. There are two main strategies to construct dynamic interfaces, polymeric films and self-assembly monolayer (SAM) formations. One of the most common stimuli to obtain dynamic interfaces is light. There are many different types of light-responsive molecules/materials, including azobenzenes, spiropyrans, and azulenes, and many in the form of molecules, polymers, SAM, and conjugated nanoparticles. Another effective and noninvasive way to form a dynamic interface is to use an electrical field to control and regulate interfacial properties in the area of bioelectrocatalysis, prevention of marine biofouling and electrochromic windows applications. The general approach to obtaining a chemically responsive dynamic interface is to use pH-responsive polymers.
