ABSTRACT
Using the 10.6 μm CO2 laser as an example, this chapter discusses in detail how the laser parameters affect the graphene properties, and the settings that can assist general efforts to make LIF on polyimide (PI) and on diverse surfaces. For the image density, it is defined as pulse per inch and line per inch, which can be regulated by the laser scanning speed and the pulse frequency of the laser. In addition to morphology control, another effective use of image density is the conversion of other materials, besides PI, into laser-induced graphene. This can be done by multiple lasing passes or, more easily, by overlapping laser spots through defocusing of the laser. The advantage of using a defocused lase is that it avoids the single high-energy shot at the substrate, which can ablate substrates that are thermally unstable. Instead, it lases the substrate under a milder condition, but multiple times.
