ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with the use of tokens of artworks as opposed to pattern-types. That is, it is concerned with the appropriation of something concrete. An example is the use of photographs in the creation of collages. This chapter argues that the first sale doctrine, as it is known in Commonwealth countries and the US, or the principle of exhaustion, as it is known in Europe, makes the appropriation of tokens of works unobjectionable.
