ABSTRACT
Under the principate, the policies followed by different emperors varied considerably. For instance, a client kingdom could be maintained for administrative convenience and the acceptance, by Claudius, of two British tribal states, the Iceni and the southern Atrebates, as client kingdoms is probably best seen in this light. The first proper attempt at major town planning seems to have taken place at Chichester during the early or mid-Flavian period. This possibly represents the change-over from client kingdom to civitas, following the death of Cogidubnus, or alternatively his retirement from active affairs and their placing in younger hands. A client king could maintain his own army, which might in most respects be armed, equipped and organized in the Roman manner, and consequently identical to, and so indistinguishable from, regular units of the Roman army. Winchester would be the only town in Britain where the normal criteria governing growth to a civitas capital are entirely absent.
