ABSTRACT
Numbers having the property that every sequence of n numerals with n=1,2,3,4,5, etc., occurs on average exactly once in every 10” digits are defined as being normal. It is immediately obvious that no rational number, with its cycling digit pattern, can ever be normal. At the time of writing it is not known whether any of the common irrational numbers of elementary mathematics are normal. Yet, interestingly, although it is normal in decimal notation, no-one yet knows whether it is normal when expressed in any other base. Having found that most irrationals are normal with, among other things, one tenth of their digits zeroes, one tenth ones etc. There is a slight problem in that the first numeral in a conventional integer can never be a zero, but so long as the numbers considered are large enough, this initial-digit effect can be made as small as we please.
