ABSTRACT
Coal seam features are the product of particular events that can be related to the depositional setting such as peat accumulation. Seam structures in coal formations whose origins are related directly to depositional mechanics, morphology of sedimentary basins and syngenetic fabrics. Coal petrography as the most important element in the formation of transverse anisotropy of coal seams. The rank of coal exhibits, a known relationship to its strength and behaviour, which may vary depending upon changes in the compositions of the coal caused by deposition and orogenesis. The mining methods and strata control techniques used to extract a coal deposit depend upon the morphology of the coal seams. The heterogeneous internal structure is particularly well exhibited in thick coal seams. The hardness of individual coal lithotypes has been investigated on the coal faces in underground and open pit mines, in exploration diamond drillholes, and in the laboratory on individual coal samples.
