ABSTRACT
“Phenomenological Approach to Piezoelectric Losses”, in which the loss phenomenology in piezoelectrics, including three losses, namely, dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric losses, is introduced and interrelationships among these losses are discussed, based on the piezoelectric constitutive and dynamic equations. Most of the physical phenomena exhibit heat generation associated with losses, inevitably, because a sort of delay of the output reaction occurs from the input electric, magnetic, or mechanical force. We will describe the loss formulation to “piezoelectric” materials, including “coupling phenomenon losses” in particular, by introducing complex numbers for physical parameters in this chapter. Complex parameter usage limits the applicability only for small damping situation, such as the damping ratio ζ less than 0.1 (10%) from the thermodynamic theory viewpoint.
