ABSTRACT
Knowledge of the chemical composition, electronic structure and related properties of molecules, liquids or solids can be obtained using a variety of spectrometers. Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a contactless, nondestructive method of probing the electronic structure of materials. A spectrometer uses a probe like photons, electrons or ions, which interacts with the material of interest under certain environment and creates different excitations, which depend on the type of incident probe, its energy and material. Auger electron spectroscopy is a widely used technique to quantitatively determine the composition of elements in the surface region of solids, thin films or coatings. Photo-excitation causes electrons within the material to move into permissible excited states. The excited electron can sometimes make combination of radiative and nonradioactive transitions. Raman spectrum results, when the absorption to some virtual state occurs between electronic states and molecule returns to some vibronic state of the electronic ground state.
