ABSTRACT

First Published in 1988, Post-impressionists in England documents the response of English taste to modern French art from the first Post-Impressionist Exhibition in 1910 to the outbreak of the First World War. The notion of ‘Post-Impressionism’, unlike its earlier counterpart, Impressionism, was an exclusively English contribution to art history. Originally used to denote the work of Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse and the Fauve painters, it rapidly assimilated Futurism, Cubism and recent English work like Vorticism. By focusing on one aspect of an important and complex period in British cultural history, J.B. Bullen illuminates not only aesthetic questions but also the way in which those aesthetic issues were determined and conditioned by social and political concerns.

Changes in English attitudes to art in this period were so rapid and were modified with such speed that the author has taken a strictly chronological approach to the subject. He sets out clearly the month-by-month developments in English attitudes and traces in detail the debates about modernism in England. To make matters clearer the book is divided into three major parts, each complementary to the others. The introduction surveys the period as a whole and places attitudes to art in the general context of the culture of the time. In the second part the extracts provide selected, concrete and particular examples of the huge range of material upon which the findings of the introduction are based; the writers represented include Roger Fry, Bernard Berenson, Desmond McCarthy, John singer Sargent, Walter Sickert, Clive Bell, Virginia Woolf and Wyndham Lewis. In the third part a chronology sets out in tabular form month-by-month events- exhibitions and major publications- as they occurred in Britain and in France. This is a must read for scholars and researchers of British cultural history and art history.

chapter |38 pages

Introduction

part |54 pages

January 1905—October 1910

chapter 1|3 pages

Frank Rutter, Art in My Time

1933, pp. 111-14

chapter 2|3 pages

Unsigned review, ‘The Last Phase of Impressionism’

Burlington Magazine, February 1908, xii, 272-3

chapter 3|5 pages

Roger Fry, letter to the Burlington Magazine

March 1908, xii, 374-6

chapter 4|3 pages

From an unsigned review, ‘The Autumn Salon’

The Times, 2 October 1908, 8

chapter 5|2 pages

Bernard Berenson, letter to the Nation (New York)

12 November 1908, 461

chapter 6|7 pages

Julius Meier-Graefe, Modern Art

2 vols, 1908, trans. Florence Simmonds and George W. Chrystal, i, 211-12, 271; ii, 63-4

chapter 7|17 pages

Maurice Denis, ‘Cézanne’, trans. Roger Fry, Burlington Magazine

Part I: January 1910, xvi, 207-19; Part II: ibid., 275-80

chapter 8|11 pages

Robert Dell, ‘Introduction’ to Modern French Artists

Brighton, June 1910, 3–8

chapter 9|5 pages

Unsigned review (probably by Roger Fry), ‘Modern French Pictures at Brighton’

The Times, 11 July 1910, 12

part |59 pages

No Vember—December 1910

chapter 10|6 pages

Desmond MacCarthy, ‘The Post-Impressionists’

Introduction to the catalogue of the exhibition ‘Manet and the Post-Impressionists’, Grafton Galleries, 8 November 1910— 14 January 1911

chapter 11|5 pages

Robert Ross, ‘The Post-Impressionists at the Grafton: The Twilight of the Idols’

Morning Post, 7 November 1910, 3

chapter 12|2 pages

Unsigned review, ‘Paint Run Mad: at Grafton Galleries’

Daily Express, 9 November 1910, 8

chapter 13|3 pages

Charles Ricketts, Tost-Impressionism'

Morning Post, 9 November 1910, 6

chapter 14|5 pages

Laurence Binyon, Tost-Impressionists'

Saturday Review, 12 November 1910, 609-10

chapter 15|2 pages

Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, My Diaries

1920, entry for 15 November 1910

chapter 16|4 pages

Sir William Blake Richmond, Tost-Impressionists'

Morning Post, 16 November 1910, 5

chapter 17|4 pages

Ebenezer Wake Cook, ‘The Post-Impressionists’

Morning Post, 19 November 1910, 4

chapter 18|5 pages

Roger Fry, ‘The Grafton Gallery — 1’

Nation, 19 November 1910, 331

chapter 19|1 pages

H.M. Bateman, Tost-Impressions of the Post-Impressionists'

Bystander, 23 November 1910, 375

chapter 20|5 pages

Desmond MacCarthy, ‘The Exhibition at the Grafton Galleries: Gauguin and Van Gogh’

Spectator, 26 November 1910, 902-3

chapter 21|6 pages

Roger Fry, ‘The Post-Impressionists – 2’

Nation, 3 December 1910, 402–3

chapter 22|3 pages

Jacob Tonson [Arnold Bennett], ‘Books and Persons’

New Age, December 1910, viii, 135

chapter 23|4 pages

A.J. Finberg, ‘Art and Artists’

Star, 14 December 1910, 2

chapter 24|3 pages

Spencer Frederick Gore, ‘Cézanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh &c., at the Grafton Galleries’

Art News, 15 December 1910, 19–20

chapter 25|3 pages

Henry Holiday, ‘Post-Impressionism’

Nation, 24 December 1910, 539

chapter 26|4 pages

Holbrook Jackson, ‘Pop Goes the Past’

T.P.'s Weekly, 16 December 1910, 829

chapter 27|5 pages

Roger Fry, ‘A Postscript on Post-Impressionism’

Nation, 24 December 1910, 536–7

part |92 pages

January–October 1911

chapter 28|2 pages

John Singer Sargent, ‘Post-Impressionism’

Nation, 7 January 1911, 610

chapter 29|13 pages

Walter Richard Sickert, ‘Post-Impressionists’

Fortnightly Review, January 1911, n.s. xcv, 79–89

chapter 30|13 pages

Roger Fry, ‘Post Impressionism’

Fortnightly Review, May 1911, n.s. xcv, 856–67

chapter 31|5 pages

G.R.H., ‘Art Notes: “The Revolution in Art”’

Pall Mall Gazette, 3 January 1911, 4

chapter 32|2 pages

Unsigned review, ‘An Art Victory: Triumphant Exit of the Post-Impressionists’

Daily Graphic, 16 January 1911, 15

chapter 33|3 pages

C.J. Holmes, Introduction to Notes on the Post-Impressionist Painters

1910, pp. 12–14

chapter 34|5 pages

C. Lewis Hind, The Post Impressionists

1911, pp. 1–7

part |46 pages

November 1911-February 1912

chapter 48|4 pages

G.K. Chesterton, ‘The Unutterable’

Daily News, 9 December 1911, 6

chapter 49|2 pages

Walter Sickert, ‘The Old Ladies of Etching-Needle Street’

English Review, January 1912, 311–12

chapter 50|2 pages

Unsigned review, ‘The Goupil Gallery’

Pall Mall Gazette, 15 January 1912, 4

chapter 51|4 pages

J-B. M[anson], ‘Four Modern French Painters’

Outlook, 24 February 1912, 281

chapter 52|22 pages

D. S. MacColl, ‘A Year of Post-Impressionism’

Nineteenth Century, February 1912, 285–302. Reprinted in Confessions of a Keeper, 1931, pp. 202–28.

chapter 53|5 pages

Michael T.H. Sadleir, ‘After Gauguin’

Rhythm, Spring 1912, 21–9

part |31 pages

Futurism At The Sackville Gallery, March 1912

chapter 54|4 pages

P.G. K[onody], ‘The Italian Futurists: Nightmare Exhibition at the Sackville Gallery’

Pall Mall Gazette, 1 March 1912, 5

chapter 55|5 pages

C.H. Collins Baker, ‘Futurist Academics’

Saturday Review, 9 March 1912, 300–1

chapter 56|4 pages

Roger Fry, ‘Art: The Futurists’

Nation, 9 March 1912, 945–6

chapter 57|4 pages

Frank Rutter, ‘Round the Galleries: The Futurist Painters’

Sunday Times, 10 March 1912, 19

chapter 58|1 pages

Unsigned review, ‘The Aims of Futurism’

The Times, 21 March 1912, 2

chapter 59|3 pages

J.B. M[anson], ‘The Italian Futurists and the X-Rays in Art’

Outlook, 23 March 1912, 439–40

chapter 60|6 pages

Walter Sickert, ‘The Futurist “Devil-among-the-T ailors” ’

English Review, April 1912, 147—52

chapter 61|6 pages

Anthony M. Ludovici, from ‘The Italian Futurists and their Traditionalism’

Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, July 1912, 94–6 and 109–13

part |26 pages

April-November 1912

chapter 62|3 pages

Roger Fry, ‘The International Society at the Grafton Gallery'

Nation, 20 April 1912, 87–8

chapter 63|6 pages

Walter Sickert, `The International Society'

English Review, May 1912, 316–22

chapter 64|3 pages

Unsigned review (probably by Robert Ross), `M. Picasso's Drawings'

The Times, 27 April 1912, 13

chapter 65|2 pages

Unsigned review, ‘M. Pablo Picasso and Mr Joseph Simpson at the Stafford Gallery’

Athenaeum, 27 April 1912, 478

chapter 66|2 pages

P.G. Konody, `The Stafford Gallery'

Observer, 26 April 1912, 6

chapter 67|6 pages

Huntly Carter, `The New Spirit in Painting'

The New Spirit in Drama and Art, 1912, pp. 209–11 and 215–21

chapter 68|5 pages

O. Raymond Drey, `The Autumn Salon'

Rhythm, December 1912, 327–31

part |63 pages

The Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition, 5 October–31 December 1912

chapter 70|3 pages

Clive Bell, ‘The English Group’

Catalogue of the second Post-Impressionist exhibition, 1912, pp. 9–12

chapter 71|4 pages

Roger Fry, ‘The French Group’

Catalogue of the second Post-Impressionist exhibition, 1912, pp. 13–17

chapter 72|3 pages

Boris von Anrep, ‘The Russian Group’

Catalogue of the second Post-Impressionist exhibition, 1912, 18–21

chapter 75|3 pages

C. Lewis Hind, ‘Ideals of Post Impressionism’

Daily Chronicle, 5 October 1912, 6

chapter 76|5 pages

P.G. Konody, ‘Art and Artists – More Post-Impressionism at the Grafton’

Observer, 6 October 1912, 6

chapter 77|1 pages

Arnold Bennett, diary entry

8 October 1912

chapter 78|4 pages

Desmond MacCarthy, ‘Kant and Post-Impressionism’

Eye Witness, 10 October 1912, 533–4

chapter 80|4 pages

C.H. Collins Baker, ‘Post-Impressionist Prefaces’

Saturday Review, 9 November 1912, 577–8

chapter 81|4 pages

P.G. Konody, ‘Art and Artists: English Post-Impressionists’

Observer, 27 October 1912, 10

chapter 82|6 pages

Roger Fry, ‘Art: The Grafton Gallery: an Apologia’

Nation, 9 November 1912, 249–51

chapter 83|4 pages

Frank Rutter, ‘An Art Causerie’

Sunday Times, to November 1912, 19

chapter 84|4 pages

Anthony M. Ludovici, ‘Art: the Pot-Boiler Paramount’

New Age, 21 November 1912, 66–7

chapter 85|6 pages

Rupert Brooke, Cambridge Magazine

23 November 1912, ii, 125–6 and 30 November 1912, ii, 158–9

chapter 86|1 pages

Virginia Woolf, letter to Violet Dickinson

24 December 1912

part |56 pages

January–October 1913

chapter 87|3 pages

Unsigned review (probably by Robert Ross), ‘Céezanne and the Post-Impressionists’

The Times, 8 January 1913, 10

chapter 88|3 pages

P.G. Konody, ‘Art and Artists: More Post-Impressionists’

Observer, 19 January 1913, 9

chapter 89|5 pages

O. Raymond Drey, ‘Post-Impressionism: the Character of the Movement’

Rhythm, January 1913, 363–9

chapter 90|9 pages

Clive Bell, ‘Post-Impressionism and Aesthetics’

Burlington Magazine, January 1913, xxii, 226–230

chapter 91|5 pages

Anthony M. Ludovici on Van Gogh

Introduction to The Letters of a Post-Impressionist: Being the Familiar Correspondence of Vincent Van Gogh, 1912, pp. xxiii and xxxiv–vii

chapter 92|15 pages

James Bone, ‘The Tendencies of Modern Art’

Edinburgh Review, April 1913, 420–34

chapter 93|2 pages

Albert Gleizes and Metzinger, Cubism

1913, pp. 14-17

chapter 94|4 pages

Unsigned review of Gleizes's and Metzinger's Cubism

Athenaeum, 17 May 1913, 548–9

chapter 95|2 pages

Frank Rutter, Art in My Time

1933, pp. 156-7

chapter 96|3 pages

Review signed ‘X’, ‘Modernism at the Albert Hall’

Athenaeum, 26 July 1913, 92-3

chapter 97|5 pages

Roger Fry, ‘The Allied Artists’

Nation, 2 August 1913, 676-7

part |26 pages

November 1913–March 1914

chapter 99|3 pages

Percy Wyndham Lewis, ‘The Cubist Room’

Egoist, 1 January 1914, 8ȃ9

chapter 100|7 pages

Charles Ginner, ‘Neo-Realism’

New Age, 1 January 1914, 271–2

chapter 101|6 pages

T.E. Hulme, ‘Modern Art — The Grafton

New Age, January 1914, 341–2

chapter 102|6 pages

Clive Bell, ‘Aesthetics and Post-Impressionism’,

Art (1914), ed. J.B. Bullen (1987), pp 38–48

chapter 103|5 pages

Roger Fry, ‘A New of Art’

Nation, 7 March 1914, 937–8