ABSTRACT
AA Acrylic Acid
AA Atomic Adsorption
AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science
AABW Antarctic Bottom Water
AAC Antarctic Convergence
AAES American Association of Engineering Societies
AAPS American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials
AAT Aspartate Amino Transferase
AAU Assigned Amount Unit
ABET Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology (US)
ABGC Air Blown Gasification Cycle
ABIH American Board of Industrial Hygienists
ABL Atmospheric Boundary Layer
ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
ABS Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate
ABW Arctic Bottom Water
AC Activated Carbon
ACBE Advisory Committee on Business and the Environment
ACC American Chemistry Council
ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current
(UK)
ACEEE American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
AcFt Acre-Feet
ACGCM Atmospheric Coupled General Circulation Model
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists
ACH Acetone Cyanohydrin
ACH Air Changes Per Hour
ACM Asbestos Containing Materials
ACNFP Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes
(UK)
ACOPS Advisory Committee on (Prevention of) Pollution of
the Sea
ACS American Chemical Society
ACSH American Council on Science and Health
ACSNI Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installa-
tions (UK)
ACT Alternative Control Technology
ADB Asian Development Bank
ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
ADEME Agency for Environment and Energy Management
(France)
ADI Acceptable Daily Intake
ADP Adenosine Diphosphate
ADST Advanced Dual-Sensor Technology
AE Adverse Event
AEA Atomic Energy Authority (UK)
AEC Atomic Energy Commission (US)
AECL Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd
AF Anaerobic Filter
AFBC Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion
AFC Alkaline Fuel Cell
AFEAS Alternative Fluorocarbon Environmental Acceptability
Study
AFFFBR Aerobic Fixed Film Fixed Bed Reactor
AFM Atomic Force Microscope
AGR Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor
AGU American Geophysical Union
AHERA Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (US)
AIA Advance Informal Agreement
AIA Asbestos Information Association
AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers
AID Agency for International Development (US)
AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association
AIHC American Industrial Health Council
AIMS Air Information Management System
AIRS Aerometric Information Retrieval System
AJPH American Journal of Public Health
AL Absolute Limen
AL Action Level
ALAPCO Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officers
(US)
ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable
ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable
ALAT Alamine Amino Transferase
ALK Alkalinity
ALLEA All European Academies
AM Annual-Maximum
AMA American Medical Association
AMD Acid Mine Drainage
AMD Acrylamide
AMO Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
AMP Adenosine Monophosphate
AMU Atomic Mass Unit
ANC Acid Neutralizing Capacity
ANDRA National Waste Disposal Organization (France)
ANL Argonne National Laboratory (US)
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
ANP National Petroleum Agency (Brazil)
ANPR Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (US)
ANS American Nuclear Society
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ANTLE Affordable Near Term Low Emissions
ANWR Alaska National Wildlife Refuge
AOAC Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
AOC Area of Concern (US)
AOC Assimilable Organic Carbon
AOGCM Atmospheric-Ocean General Circulation Model
AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (UK)
AOP Ammonia Oxidation Process
AOT Advanced Oxidation Technology
AOX Organochlorine
APC Air Pollution Control
APC Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
APCA Air Pollution Control Association
APCS Air Pollution Control System
APDC Ammonium Pyrolidinodithiocarbonate
APEG Airborne Particle Expert Group
APEM Association of Professional Engineers of Manitoba
APHA American Public Health Association
APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (US)
API American Petroleum Institute
APS Aerodynamic Particle Size
APS American Physical Society
AQCR Air Quality Control Region (US)
AQEI Air Quality Exposure Index
AQMD Air Quality Management District
ARAR Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirement
ARB Air Resources Board
ARBRE Arable Biomass Renewable Energy
ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ARM Aluminized Red Mud
ARM Availability, Reliability and Maintainability
ARMS Agricultural Resources Management Study
AROI Acceptable Range of Oral Intake
ARS Absorption Refrigeration System
ARS Agricultural Research Service (US)
AS Activated Sludge
AS Australian Standard
ASBR Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
ASEE American Society for Engineering Education
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers
ASLB Atomic Safety Licensing Board (US)
ASPEN Advanced Systems for Process Engineering
ASSE American Society of Safety Engineers
AST Aboveground Storage Tank
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTMH American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
ASTMS Association of Scientific, Technical and Management
Staffs
ASU Air Separation Unit
ASV Anode Stripping Voltammetry
ATOC Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate
ATOFMS Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP Advanced Technology Program (US)
ATS Automatic Tracking Service
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US)
au Absorbance Unit
AWEP Association of Women in Environmental Professions
AWG Association of Women Geoscientists
AWIS Association for Women in Science
AWMA Air and Water Management Association
AWRA American Water Resources Association
AWSE Association of Women in Science and Engineering
(UK)
AWWA American Water Works Association
B/R Biomass/Respiration
BABFO British Association for Biofuels and Oil
BACM Best Available Control Measure
BACT Best Available Current (Control) Technology
BAF Biological Amplification Factor
BALF Bronchoalveolar Fluid
BANANA Build Absolutely Nothing ANywhere Anytime
BAP Benzo-(a)-Pyrene
BAP Biomass-Associated Product
Bara Bar Absolute
BART Best Available Retrofit Technology
BAT Best Available Technology
BATNEEC Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost
(UK)
Profiler
BBL Barrels
BCC Bioaccumulative Chemicals of Concern
BCDL Beverage Container Deposit Legislation
BCF Bio-Concentration Factor
BCH Biosafety Clearing House
BCT Best Conventional Technology
BD Butadiene
BDAT Best Demonstrated Available Technology
BDO Butanediol
BDOC Biodegradable Organic Carbon
BDS Biocatalytic Desulfurization
BEDI Brownfields Economic Development Initiative
BEP Board for the Engineering Profession (UK)
BER Board for Engineering Regulation (UK)
BESS Battery Energy Storage System
BFR Brominated Flame Retardant
BFSS Bioremediation in the Field Search System
BGB Brilliant Green Bile
BGS British Geological Survey
BHA Butylated Hydroxy Anisole
BHC Benzene Hexachloride
BHC Lindane
BHET Bis-Hydroxyethylene Tetraphthalate
BHT Butylated Hydroxy Toluene
BICER Baikal International Center for Ecological Research
BID Background Information Document
BIF Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
BIOMOVS Biospheric Model Validation Study
BLM Bureau of Land Management (US)
BMB British Medical Bulletin
BMP Best Management Practices
BN Base Neutral
BNA Base Neutral Acid Extractable
BNFL British Nuclear Fuels plc
BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
BNR Biological Nutrient Removal
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BOHC British Occupational Hygiene Society
BPBR Batch Packed Bed Reactor
BPD Biocidal Products Directive (EU)
BPEO Best Practicable Environmental Option
BPL Beta Propiolacetone
BPM Best Practicable Means
BPWTT Best Practicable Waste Treatment Technology
Bq Becquerel
BRE Building Research Establishment (UK)
BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assess-
ment Management
BRH Bureau of Radiological Health (US)
BRWM Board on Radioactive Waste Management
BS British Standard
BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
BSERT Building Services Engineering Research and Technol-
ogy (UK)
BSI British Standards Institution
BSJ Building Services Journal
BSL-4 Biosafety Level 4
BSP Biomass Support Particle
BSP Biosafety Protocol
BT Biotechnology
BTC Breakthrough Curve
BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene
BTF Biotrickling Filter
BTU British Thermal Unit
BTWC Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
BTX Benzene-Toluene-Xylene
BV Bed Volume
BWEA British Wind Energy Association
BWR Basic Water Requirement
BWR Boiling Water Reactor
C Celsius (Centigrade)
C and S Capture and Storage
C ENG Chartered Engineer (UK)
CA Cellulose Acetate
CAA Clean Air Act (UK) (US)
CAAA Clean Air Act Amendment (US)
CAE Canadian Academy of Engineering
CAE Computer Aided Engineering
CaFCP California Fuel Cell Partnership
CAfE Community Action for Energy
CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy
CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule (US)
CAM Compliance Assurance Monitoring
CAM Computer Assisted Mapping
CAMP Continuous Air Monitoring Program
CANDU Canadian Heavy Water Moderated Reactor
CAP Chemical Analysis Parameter
CAP Coagulant Aid Polymer
CAP Common Agricultural Policy (EU)
CAR Consolidated Air Rule
CARB California Air Resources Board
CARL Conservation and Recreation Lands (US)
CASSIOPEE Association of Western European Waste Disposal
Organizations
CATNIP Cheapest Available Techniques Not Involving
Prosecution (UK)
CATS Carbon Abatement Technology Strategy
CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CBED Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
CBI Confidential Business Information
CBO Congressional Budget Office (US)
CBOD Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CCAA Canadian Clean Air Act
CCAMLR Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources
CCAR Closed-Cycle Air Refrigeration
CCCS Community Climate Change Strategy
CCD Charged-Coupled-Device
CCDT Calcium Carbonate Deposition Test
CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
CCI Clean Coal Initiative
CCL Contaminant Candidate List (US)
CCME Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
CCMS Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
CCOL Coordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer
CCP Cities for Climate Protection
CCP Combined Cool and Power
CCPE Canadian Council of Professional Engineers
CCR Council for Chemical Research
CCS Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
CCSM Community Climate System Model
CCT Clean Coal Technology
CDAA 2-Chloro-N, N-Diallyl Acetamide
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
CDC Communicable Disease Center (US)
CDEC 2-Chlorallyl-N, N-Diethyldithiocarbamate
CDER Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
CDI Capacitive Deionization
CDI Continuous Deionization
CDI Critical Density Index
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CDOM Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Material
CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health
CDWG Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines
CEA Cumulative Environmental Assessment
CEA Atomic Energy Commission (France)
CEAA Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
CEAB Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board
CEARC Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Council
CEC Cation Exchange Capacity
CEC Commission of the European Communities
CECAB Canadian Environmental Certification Approvals Board
CEDI Continuous Electrode-Deionization
CEES Complex Ecological-Economic System
Cefic European Chemical Industry Council
CEGB Central Electricity Generating Board (UK)
CEM Continuous Emissions Monitoring
CEMS Continuous Emission Monitoring System
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CEPA Canadian Environmental Protection Act
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality (US)
CER Certified Emission Reduction
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (US)CERN
European Laboratory for Particle Physics
CESER Countermeasures: Environmental and Socio-Economic
Responses
CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant
CFB Circulating Fluidized Bed
CFBC Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
CFBC Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor
CFC Chlorofluorocarbons
CFC 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFM Cubic Feet per Minute
CFR Code of Federal Regulations (US)
CFR Continuous Flow Reactor
CFS Canadian Forest Service
CFS Cubic Feet per Second
CFSTR Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor
CFV Clean Fuel Vehicle
CG/HCCS Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical
Classification Systems
CGCM Coupled General Circulation Model
CGDF Coal Gasification Development Facility
CGIAR Cooperative Group of International Agricultural
Research Centers
CGL Comprehensive General Liability
CGMP Current Good Manufacturing Practice
CGSB Canadian General Standards Board
CHIP Chemical Hazards Information Profile
CHL Chlorophyll
CHL a Chlorophyll a
CHONSP Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur,
Phosphorous
CHP Combined Heat and Power
CHP/HP Combined Heat and Power/Heat Pump
CHS Contact Hypersensitivity
CI Confidence Interval
CI Cumulative Impact
Ci Curie
CIA Chemical Industries Association (UK)
CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment
CIB Conseil International du Baitment Pour Recherche,
l’Etude et la Documentation
CIBSE Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
(UK)
CIEH Chartered Institution of Environmental Health (UK)
CIH Chartered Institute of Housing (UK)
CIP Clean In Place
CISTI Canadian Institute for Science and Technical Information
CITES Convention on International Traffic in Endangered
Species
CJD Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
CL Criterion Level
CLAIRE Contaminated Land Applications in Real Environments
CLARINET Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Networks for
Environmental Technologies
CLD Chemiluminescence Detector
CLER Carbon-Limited Enrichment
CLIMAP Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program
CLIMAPP Climate/Long Range Investigation Mapping and
Prediction Project
CM Combustible Matter
CMA Chemical Manufacturers Association (US)
CMC Critical Micelle Concentration
CMD Count Mean Diameter
CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (US)
CMPU Chemical Manufacturing Process Unit
CMR Complete Mix Reactor
CNC Condensation Nucleus Counter
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CNI Consiglio Nazionale Ingegneri (Italy)
CNISF Conseil National des Ingenieurs et Scientifiques de
France
CNL Corrected Noise Level
CNP National Research Council (Italy)
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
CNSIF National Council of French Engineers and Scientists
CNT Carbon Nanotube
CO2eq Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
COGEMA Nuclear Waste Processing Organization (France)
COH Coefficient of Haze
COHb Carboxyhemoglobin
COM Coastal Oceanographic Model
COM Continuous Opacity Monitor
COMEAP Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution
CONCAWE Conservation and Clean Air and Water in Europe
COP Coefficient of Performance
COP Conference of the (Contracting) Parties (UNFCCC)
COP/MOP2 Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of
the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol
CoPA Control of Pollution Act (UK)
Co-PCB Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPE Committee On Publication Ethics
COPUS Committee on the Public Understanding of Science
(UK)
CoRWM Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (UK)
COS Carbonyl Sulfide
COVRA Nuclear Waste Disposal Organization (Holland)
CP Coarse Particle
CPC Condensation Particle Counter
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board (India)
CPF Cancer Potency Factor
CPI Chemical Process Industries
Cpm Counts per Minute
cps Counts per Second
CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission (US)
CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
CQC 2,6 Dichloroquinonechlorimide
CR Community Respiration
CRADA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
CREATE Centre for Research, Education and Training in Energy
CRNL Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (Canada)
CRT Continuously Regenerating Trap
CS Conditioned Stimulus
CSB Chemical Safety (and Hazards Investigation) Board
CSCE Canadian Society for Civil Engineering
CSD Commission on Sustainable Development
CSH Calcium Silicate Hydrate
CSI Common Sense Initiative (US)
CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
(South Africa)
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization (Australia)
CSMA Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association
CSO Combined Sewer Overflow
CSOD Carbonaceous Sediment Oxygen Demand
CSPE Canadian Society for Professional Engineers
CSPI Center for Science in the Public Interest
CSR Center for Scientific Review (US)
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
CSS Combined Sewer System
CSSP Council of Scientific Society Presidents
CST Capillary Suction Time
CST Carbon Storage Trust
CSTR Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor
CT Carbon Tetrachloride
CTAB Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
CTG Control Techniques Guideline
CTI Climate Technology Initiative
CTR Council for Tobacco Research
CTS Compound Threshold Shift
CU Common Usage
CUSEC Cubic Feet per Second
CUTE Clean Urban Transport for Europe
CV Calorific Value
CVI Children’s Vaccine Initiative
CVS Constant Volume Sampler
CWA Clean Water Act (US)
CWC Chemical Weapons Convention
CWO Catalytic Wet Oxidation
CWS Coal-Water Slurry
CZARA Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments
CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act (US)
D/DBP Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproduct Rule (US)
D/F Dioxin/Furan
DAD Decide, Announce and Defend
DADA Decide, Announce, Defend and Abandon
DAF Dissolved Air Flotation
DALY Disability Adjusted Life Years
DAS Data Acquisition System
dB Decibel
dB(A) Decibel A-Weighted
DBMCA Dibromo-p-methyl-carboxyazo
DBMS Database Management Systems
DBOOM Design, Build, Own, Operate and Maintain
DBP Disinfection By-Product
DBPC Di Tertiary Butyl-P-Cresol
DBPP Disinfection By-Product Precursor
DBT Dibutyltin
DBT Dimethyldibenzothiophene
DC Delta Commission (Holland)
DCB 4,40-Dichlorobiphenyl DCE 1,2-Dichloroethylene
DCER Dwelling Carbon Emission Rate
DCL Design Control Limit
DCL Direct Coal Liquefaction
DD Dynamic Demand
DDA 4,40-Dichlorodiphenylacetic Acid DDD 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethane
DDE 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-Ethylene
DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DDVP 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate
DE Diatomaceous Earth
DEA Diethanolamine
DEC Department of Environmental Conservation
DEET Diethyltoluamide
DEFRA Department of the Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs (UK)
DEG Diethylene Glycol
DEP Department of Environmental Protection
DER Discrete Emission Reduction (US)
DERC Discrete Emission Reduction Credits (US)
DES Diethylstilbesterol
DETR Department of the Environment, Transport and
Regions (UK)
DFB Diffusion Fiber Bed
DfT Department for Transportation (UK)
DHA District Health Authority (UK)
DHEP Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate
DHEW Department of Health, Education and Welfare (US)
DHHS Department of Health and Human Services (US)
DHSS Department of Health and Social Security (UK)
DIAL Differential Absorption Lidar
DIH Division of Industrial Hygiene (US)
DiP Discussion in Principal
DISH Deepwater Installation of Subsea Hardware
DL Detection Limit
DL Difference Limen
DMA Differential Mobility Analyzer
DMDS Dimethyldisulfide
DME Dimethyl Ether
DMHRF Dual Media High Rate Filtration
DMI Danish Meteorological Institute
DMR Discharge Monitoring Report
DMS Dimethyl sulfide
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
DMT Dimethyl Tetraphthalate
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNAPL Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid
DNB Dinitrobenzene
DNIP Di-Isononyl Phthalate
DO Dissolved Oxygen
DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon
DOE Department of Energy (UK) (US)
DoE Department of the Environment (UK)
DoH Department of Health (UK)
DOJ Department of Justice (US)
DOM Dissolved Organic Matter
DOT Department of Transport(ation) (Canada) (UK) (US)
DPBA Diphenylbenzamidine
DPE 1,1-Diphenylethylene
DPEI Department of Productivity, Energy and Industry (UK)
DPKO Dipyridyl Ketone Oxime
dpm Disintegrations Per Minute
dps Disintegrations Per Second
DPW Department of Public Works
DQI Data Quality Indicator
DQO Data Quality Objective
DRE Destruction and Removal Efficiency
DRI Development of Regional Impact
DRM Dynamic River Management
DS Degree of Succession
DS Dry Scrubber
DS Dry Solids
DSCD Danish Research Agency Committee on Scientific
Dishonesty
DSDP Deep Sea Drilling Project
DSM Demand Side Management
DSR Dissimilatory Sulfate Reducing
DTH Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
DTI Department of Trade and Industry (UK)
DTLR Department for Transport, Local Government and the
Regions (UK)
DTPA Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid
DWF Dry Weather Flow
DWL Derived Working Limit
DWT Deadweight Ton
E and C Engineering and Construction
EA Energy Amplifier
EA Environmental (Agency) (Authority) (UK)
EA Environmental Assessment
EAC Extruded Activated Carbon
EAEC European Atomic Energy Community (EU)
EAGE European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers
EAGGF European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund
EANET Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia
EAP Emergency Action Plan
EAP Environment Action Program (EU)
EAPS Environmental Aspects in Product Standards
EARP Environmental Assessment and Review Process
EASST European Association for the Study of Science and
Technology
EB Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
EB/S Ethylbenzene/Styrene
EBDC Ethylene Bisdithiocarbamate
EBI European Bioinformatics Institute
EBRD European Bank of Reconstruction and Development
EC Electrical Conductivity
EC Elemental Carbon
EC Engineering Council (UK)
EC European Code
EC European Commission
EC European Community
EC2000 Engineering Criteria 2000
EC50 Mean Effective Concentration
ECBM Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery
ECCP European Climate Change Programme
ECDIN Environmental Chemical Data Information Network
(EU)
ECE UN Economic Commission for Europe
ECEPA Environmental Challenge for European Port Authorities
ECF Elemental Chlorine Free
ECHS Environmental Clearing House System
ECL Exposure Control Limit
ECLSS Environmental Control and Life Support System
ECMWF European Center For Medium Range Weather
Forecasting
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
ECTFE European Fluorochemicals Technical Committee
ED Electrodialysis
ED Exposure Duration
ED Extractive Distillation
EDC Electron Donor Compound
EDC Ethylenedichloride
EDC European Documentation Centre
EDF Environmental Defense Fund
EDF European Development Fund
EDI Electrodeionization
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EDIP Environmental Design of Industrial Products
EDR Electrodialysis Removal
EDR Electrodialysis Reversal
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
EDXRA Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
EEA Economic Espionage Act (US)
EEA European Environment Agency
EEB European Environment Bureau
EEBPP Energy Efficiency Best Practices Program
EEC European Economic Community
EELS Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
EEMD Environmental and Energy Management Directorate
(UK)
EERE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
EF Emissions Factor
EFCE European Federation of Chemical Engineers
EFCEA European Federation of Consulting Engineers
Associations
EFFS European Flood Forecasting System
EFR External Floating Roof
EfW Energy from Waste
EG Ethylene Glycol
EGA Exhaust Gas Analyzer
EGL Energy Grade Line
EGR Enhanced Gas Recovery
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGSB Expanded Granular Sludge Bed
EGTC Exhaust Gas Test Cell
EHO Environmental Health Officer (UK)
EHP Environmental Health Perspectives
EHS Environmental Health and Safety
EHS Extremely Hazardous Substance
EI Energy Institute (UK)
EIA Energy Information Administration (US)
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA Environmental Investigation Agency (UK)
EIB European Investment Bank
EIC Energy Industry Council
EIC Engineering Institute of Canada
EINECS European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical
Substances (EU)
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EJ Environmental Justice
EKMA Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach
ELC Environmental Liaison Center
ELNES Energy Loss Near Edge Structure
ELR Environmental Lapse rate
eM&T Energy Monitoring and Targeting
EMAS Ecoaudit and Management Scheme (EU)
EMAS Employment Medical Advisory Service (UK)
EMB Eosin Methylene Blue
EMC Event Mean Concentration
EMEA European Agency for Evaluation of Medicinal Products
EMEC European Marine Energy Centre
EMEP European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme
EMF Electromagnetic Field
EMIS Environmental Management Information System
EML Environmental Measurements Laboratory (US)
EMP Emergency Management Plan
EMR Electromagnetic Radiation
EMS Environmental Management Systems
EMTIC Emission Measurement Technical Information Center
(US)
EN European Committee for Standardization
ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technology, Energy
and the Environment
ENHPA European Network of Health Protection Agencies
ENSO El Nino-Southern Oscillation
EO Ethylene Oxide
EO Executive Order (US)
EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery
EOS Earth Observation (Observing) System
EPA Energy Policy Act (US)
EPA Environmental Protection Act (UK)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (US)
EPB Extractable Lead
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know
Act (US)
EPE Environmental Performance Evaluation
EPEC Enteropathogen E. coli
EPER European Pollutant Emissions Register
EPFT Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
EPH Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons
EPHA European Public Health Alliance
EPM Environmental Pressure Measurement
EPMA Electron Probe Micro Analysis
EPNdB Effective Perceived Noise Level
EPR European Pressurized Reactor
EPR Extended Producer Responsibility
EPS Extracellular Polymeric Substance
EPS Engineering Process Safety
EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(UK)
EPTC S-ethyl,N,N,-dipropylthiocarbamate
eq Equivalent
eq/L Equivalents per Liter
EQIP Environmental Quality Incentive Program
EQO Environmental Quality Objective
ER Environmental Review
ERA Environmental Risk Assessment
ERC Emissions Reductions Credits
ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration
(US)
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
ERS Environmental Remote Sensing
ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite
ERU Emission Reduction Unit
ESA Ecological Society of America
ESA Endangered Species Act (US)
ESD Electrostatic Dissipation
ESEF European Science and Environment Forum
ESEM Earth Systems Engineering and Management
ESEM Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope
ESEP European Science Exchange Program
ESF Exploratory Studies Facility
ESF European Science Foundation
ESP Electrostatic Precipitator
ESR Electron Spin Resonance
ESR Environmental Screening Review
EST Energy Saving Trust (UK)
ESV Equivalent Sample Volume
ETA Ecologically Threatened Area
ETAN European Technology Assessment Network
ETB Engineering and Technology Board (UK)
ETBE Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether
ETC/S European Topic Center on Soil
ETG Emissions Trading Group
ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
ETO Ethylene Oxide
ETR Ecological Tax Reform (UK)
ETS Emissions Tracking System
ETS Emissions Trading Scheme
ETS Environmental Tobacco Smoke
ETSU Energy Technology Support Unit (UK)
ETT Effluent Toxicity Treatability
ETU Ethylene Thiourea
EU European Union
EU EST European Union Energy Saving Trust
EUR ING European Engineer
EURADWASTE Nuclear Waste Reports (CEC)
Euratom European Atomic Energy
EuroREX European Renewable Energy Exchange
EV Electric Vehicle
eV Electron Volt
EWEA European Wind Energy Association
EWG Environmental Working Group
EZN Extractable Zinc
F Fahrenheit
f/cc Fibers per Cubic Centimeter
FACA Federal Advisory Committee Act (US)
FAIR Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (US)
FAME Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)
FAP Filter Aid Polymer
FAR Fatal Accident Rate
FAZ Fly Ash Based Zeolite
FBC Fluidized Bed Combustion
FBI Family Biotic Index
FC Fecal Coliforms
FC Fuel Cell
FCC Fluid Catalytic Cracker
FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change
FCM Fuel Containing Mass
FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK)
FD Formamide
FDA Food and Drug Administration (US)
FDD Fault Detection and Diagnostics
FEA Finite Element Analysis
FEANI European Federation of National Engineering Associations
FEG Field Emission Electron Gun
FEH Flood Estimation Handbook
FEI Fire and Explosion Index
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (US)
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (US)
FETC Federal Energy Technology Center (US)
FEV Forced Expired Volume
FF Fabric Filter
FF Future Forests
FFA Federal Facilities Agreement (US)
FFCA Federal Facilities Compliance Act (US)
FFDCA Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (US)
FFF Forum for the Future
FGD Flue Gas Desulfurization
FGR Flue Gas Recirculation
FHSA Family Health Service Authority (UK)
FIA Flame Ionization Analyzer
FIA Flow Injection Analysis
FID Flame Ionization Detector
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
(US)
FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map
FISEC Foundation for Scientific and Educational Cooperation
FM Fatty Matter
FML Flexible Membrane Liner
FoE Friends of the Earth
FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact
FP Fine Particle
FP6 Sixth Framework Program (EU)
FPC Federal Power Commission (US)
FPD Flame Photometric Detector
FQPA Food Quality Protection Act (US)
FR Federal Register (US)
FRC Functional Residual Capacity
FRP Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics
FS Fecal Streptococci
FSA Food Standards Agency (UK)
FSD Full Scale Demonstration
FSR Final Safety Report
FSU Former Soviet Union
FT Fischer-Tropsch
FT Fourier Transform
FTA Fault Tree Analysis
FTC Federal Trade Commission (US)
FTO Flameless Thermal Oxidation
FVC Forced Vital Capacity
FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act (US)
FWQA Federal Water Quality Administration (US)
FWS Free Water Surface
FY Fiscal Year
g.l.c. Ground Level Concentration
G7 Group of Seven
G8 Group of Eight
GAC Granular Activated Carbon
GAMOT Global Acoustic Mapping of Ocean Temperatures
GAO General Accounting Office (US)
GATS General Agreement on Tariffs and Services
GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
Gb Giga Barrels
GC Gas Chromatograph
GCCI Global Climate Change Initiative
GCM General Circulation Model
GCM Global-Circulation Model
GC-MS Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
GCP Good Combustion Practice
GDI Gasoline Direct Injection
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEF Global Environment Facility
GEM Genetically Engineered Microbe
GEMI Global Environmental Management Initiative
GEP Global Environmental Program
GEV Generalized Extreme Value
GEV Gumbel Extreme Value
GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
gft2d1 Gallons per Square Foot per Day GHG Greenhouse Gas
GHS Globally Harmonized System
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GISS Goddard Institute of Space Studies
GJ Giga Joules
GLIER Great Lakes Institute for Environment Research
GLM Generalized Linear Model
GLP Good Laboratory Practice
GLUE Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation
GLUMRB Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board (US)
GMA General Mining Act (US)
GMO Genetically Modified Organism
GNP Gross National Product
GOR Gain Output Ratio
gpcd Gallons Per Capita Per Day
GPD Gallons Per Day
GPH Gallons Per Hour
GPM Gallons Per Minute
GPO Government Printing Office (US)
GPP Gross Primary Production
GPS Global Positioning System
GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
GRAS Generally Recognized As Safe
GRAS/E Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective
GRI Gas Research Institute (US)
GRIP Greenland Ice Core Project
GRR Gross Reproduction Rate
GSA Geothermal Steam Act (US)
GSF Nuclear Research Organization (Germany)
GSH-Px Glutathione Peroxidase
GtC Gigatons Carbon
GTL Gas to Liquid
GTN Global Trend Network
GV Guideline Value
GVF Gas Void Fraction
GVWHO World Health Organization Guideline Value
GWh Gigawatt Hour
GWP Global Warming Potential
Gy Gray
H6CB 3,30,4,40,5-Hexachlorinated Biphenyl ha Hectare
HA Humic Acid
HAA Haloacetic Acids
HAc Acetic Acid
HACCP Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point
HAD Hazards Assessment Document
HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant
HAZMAT Hazardous Material
HBD 2-Hydroxyisobutyl Amide
HBM 2-Hydroxyisobutric Acid Methyl Ester
HC Hydrocarbon
HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCS Hazard Communication Standard
HDM Home Dust Mite
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HDS Hydrodesulfurization
HDTMABr Hexadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide
HECA Home Energy Conservation Act (UK)
HEES Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (UK)
HEI Health Effects Institute
HEL Highly Erodible Land
HELCOM Helsinki Commission
HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air
HERP Human Exposure/Rodent Potency
HES Human Embryonic Stem
HEST Hazardous Element Sampling Train
HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle
HEW Department of Health, Education and Welfare (US)
HFC Hydrofluorocarbon
HFE Hydrofluoroether
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
HGH Human Growth Hormone
HGL Hydraulic Grade Line
HGM Hazardous Gas Monitor
HGMS High Gradient Magnetic Separation
HHS Department of Health and Human Services (US)
HIPPS High Performance Power Systems
HIUI Health Institute of the Uranium Industry (Czechoslovakia)
HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency
HLB Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
HLLW High Level Liquid Waste
HLW High Level Radioactive Waste
HM Heavy Metal
HMDE Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode
HMIP HM Inspectorate of Pollution (UK)
HMNII HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (UK)
HON Hazardous Organic Neshap (National Emissions
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) (US)
HPA Health Protection Agency (UK)
HPA Hetero Polyanion
HPC Heterotrophic Plate Count
HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HPS Health Physics Society
HQ Health Quotient
HR Humidity Ratio
HRA Halogen Resistant Azole
HRGC High Resolution Gas Chromatography
HRS Hazard Ranking Score (US)
HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration (US)
HRT Hydraulic Residence Time
HRTEM High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
HSC Health and Safety Commission (UK)
HSCT High Speed Civil Transport
HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Base
HSE Health and Safety Executive (UK)
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (US)
HSWA Health and Safety at Work Act (UK)
HTE Horizontal Tube Evaporator
HTF Heat Transfer Fluid
HTFW High Temperature Fluid Wall
HTH High Test Hypochlorite
HTlc Hydrotalcite-Like-Compounds
HTME Horizontal Tube Multiple Evaporator
HTRW Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste
HTU Height of Transfer Unit
HTU Hydro Thermal Upgrading
HUD Housing and Urban Development
HVAC Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
HVOC Halogenated Volatile Organic Compound
HW Hydrological Weir
HWC Hazardous Waste Combustion
HWE Healthy Worker Effect
HWI Hazardous Wastes Inspectorate (UK)
HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (US)
Hz Hertz
I/A Innovative and Alternative
I/I Infiltration/Inflow
I/O Input/Output
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IAHEE International Association for Hydrogen Energy
IAP Indoor Air Pollution
IAP InterAcademy Panel
IAQ Indoor Air Quality
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
IAWPRC International Association on Water Pollution Research
and Control
IAWQ International Association on Water Quality
IBC International Bulk Container
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(World Bank)
IC Internal Combustion
IC50 Mean Inhibitory Concentration
ICAA International Council of Chemical Associations
ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICBEN International Commission on the Biological Effects of
Noise
ICBG International Cooperative Biodiversity Grants Program
ICCP Intergovernmental Committee for the Cartagena
Protocol
ICD International List of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of
Death
ICE Institution of Civil Engineers (UK)
ICES International Council For Exploration of the Seas
ICHARM International Centre For Water Hazard and Risk
Management (Japan)
IChE Institution of Chemical Engineers
ICIDI Independent Commission on International Development
Issues
ICL Indirect Coal Liquefaction
ICP Integrated Contingency Plan (US)
ICP International Cooperative Program
ICPD International Conference on Population and
ICP-OES Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
ICR Industrial Cost Recovery
ICR Information Correction Rule
ICRAM Central Institute for Scientific and Technological
Research Applied to the Sea (Italy)
ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection
ICSEAF International Commission for Southeast Atlantic Fisheries
ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions
ICT Information Communications Technology
ICT Intercontinental Transport
ICT International Critical Table
ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management
IDA International Development Association
IDAA International Development Assistance Agency
IDEA International Development Enterprise Associates
IDF Intensity Duration Frequency
IDGEC Institutional Dimensions of Global Environmental Change
IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
IDSE Initial Distribution System Evaluation
IDWSSD International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation
Decade
IE Cationic Exchange
IE Institute of Energy (UK)
IEA International Energy Agency
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEE Institute of Electrical Engineers (UK)
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IESWTR Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (US)
IFB Impaction Fiber Bed
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFGR Induced Flue Gas Recirculation
IFP Institut Francais du Petrole (France)
IFR Internal Floating Roof
IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Program
IGC Index of Grassland Condition
IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
IGO Intergovernmental Organization
IGT Institute of Gas Technology
IGY International Geophysical Year
IHS Indian Health Service (US)
IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
IIEC International Institute for Energy Conservation
IIHEE International Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental
Engineering
IJC International Joint Commission
IKSR International Commission for the Protection of the
Rhine Against Pollution
ILGRA Interdepartmental Liaison Group on Risk Assessment
(UK)
ILO International Labor Organization
ILW Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste
IM(ech)E Institution of Mechanical Engineers (UK)
IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMI Imidazolinone
IMIQ Mexican Institute of Chemical Engineers
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
IMS-ICS Interagency Incident Management System-Incident
Command System (US)
INEEL Idaho National Engineering and Environmental
Laboratory (US)
INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliques (France)
InstE Institute of Energy
INTRAVAL International Geosphere Transport Model Validation
INWAC IAEA Advisory Committee
IOC Inorganic Chemical
IOD Immediate Oxygen Demand
IoE Institute of Energy
IOH Institute of Occupational Hygiene (UK)
IOM Institute of Medicine (US)
IoP Institute of Physics (UK)
IOP Indian Ocean Dipole
IOPC International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund
IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention (Certificate)
IP Inhalable Particles
IP Institute of Petroleum
IPA Isopropanol
IPACT International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium for
Toxicology Testing
IPAT Impact, Population, Affluence, Technology
IPC Integrated Pollution Control (UK)
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCS International Program on Chemical Safety
IPI International Population Institutions
IPM Inhalable Particulate Matter
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IPOD International Programme of Ocean Drilling
IPP Independent Power Producer
IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (EC)
IPPR Institute for Public Policy Research
IPTS Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
IR Inactivation Ratio
IR Infrared
IRAA Indoor Radon Abatement Act (US)
IRB Institutional Review Board
IRIS Integrated Risk Information System (US)
IRP Inward Processing Release
IRPP Institute for Research on Public Policy
IRPTC International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals
IRR Ionizing Radiations Regulations (UK)
IRUS Intrusion Resistant Underground Structures
ISA Ideologically Structured Action
ISA International Seabed Authority
ISC Interstate Sanitation Commission
ISES International Solar Energy Society
ISI Indian Standards Institution
ISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical
ISO Independent System Operator
ISO International Standards Organization
ISPE International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers
ISRM In-Situ Redox Manipulation
ISSX International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics
and Society
IT Information Technology
ITC Interagency Testing Committee (US)
ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
ITD Ion Trap Detector
ITF Industry Technology Facilitator
ITM Ionic Transport Membrane
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources
IUFoST International Union of Food Science and Technology
IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
IURE Inhalation Unit Risk Estimate
IWC International Whaling Commission
IWM Integrated Waste Management
IWPCC Interstate Water Pollution Control Compact (US)
IWS Ionizing Wet Scrubber
IX Ion Exchange
J Joule
JAEC Japanese Atomic Energy Commission
JAERI Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute
JAPCA Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association
JAWWA Journal of the American Water Works Association
JBR Jet Bubbling Reactor
JECFA Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives
JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
JI Joint Implementation
JI Joint Investment
JMPR Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues
JRC Joint Research Center
JRSH Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of
Health
JTU Jackson Turbidity Unit
JWPCF Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation
K Kelvin
KASAM National Council for Nuclear Waste (Sweden)
KAST Korean Academy of Science and Technology
Kb Kilobar
kgm3d1 Kilogram per cubic meters per day
Kn Knudsen Number
KT Clearness Index
kV Kilovolt
Kw Kilowatt
Kwh Kilowatt Hour
LAER Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
LAI Leaf Area Index
LANDSAT Earth Resources Technology Satellite
LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
LAPIO Low API Oil
LAS Laser Aerosol Spectrometer
LAS Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate
LASER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
LBL Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
LBP Length Between Perpendiculars
LC Liquid Chromatography
LC50 Mean Lethal Concentration
LCA Life-Cycle Assessment
LCC Life-Cycle Costing
LCI Life-Cycle Inventory
LCIP Low Carbon Innovation Programme
LCPD Large Combustion Plant Directive (EU)
LCR Lead and Copper Rule
LD50 Mean Lethal Dose
LDA Laminar Directional Airflow
LDAR Leak Detection and Repair
LDC Less Developed Country
LDC London Dumping Convention
LDF Local Deposition Fraction
LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase
LDI Laser Desorption/Ionization
LDPE Low Density Polyethylene
LEA Low Excess Air Operation
LED Light Emitting Diode
LEL Lower Explosive Limit
LET Linear Energy Transfer
LFG Landfill Gas
LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometry
LID Low Impact Development
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
LILW-LL Low and Intermediate Level Waste-Long Lived
LILW-SL Low and Intermediate Level Waste-Short Lived
LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
LLW Low Level Radioactive Waste
LMC Lime-Magnesium Carbonate
LMO Living Genetically Modified Organism
LMx Low Mix Burner
LNAPL Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid
LNB Low NOx Burner
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LNT Linear No-Threshold
LOD Limit of Deposition
LOEC Lowest Observable Effects Concentration
LOEL Lowest Observed Effect Level
LOI Loss On Ignition
LOOP Locally Organized and Operated Partnerships
LOPA Layers of Protection Analysis
LOT Load On Top
LPC Limiting Permissible Concentration
Lpcd Liters Per Capita Per Day
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LRT Long Range Transport Model
LRTAP Long Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution
LS Low Sulfur
LSE London School of Economics
LSHTM London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
LSI Langlier Saturation Index
LSM Land Surface Model
LSTK Lump-Sum Turnkey
LTAR Long Term Acceptance Rate
LTVE Long Tube Vertical Evaporator
LUC Land Use Classification
LULU Locally Unacceptable Land Use
LVHV Low Volume High Velocity
LWL Low Water Level
LWR Light Water Reactor
m.t. Metric Tonne
m.t./yr. Metric Tonnes/Yr.
