ABSTRACT
The historical overviews of several types of de-radicalization cases are discussed in this chapter. The two cases of comprehensive de-radicalization (ideological, behavioral and organizational) are those of the MB and the IG. The case for a substantive de-radicalization (ideological and behavioral) is that of the Egyptian al-Jihad Organization, which is still undergoing the deradicalization process. The case of pragmatic de-radicalization (behavioral and organizational) is that of the Algerian AIS and the smaller militias affiliated with it. Finally, the case of de-radicalization failure is that of the GIA and its main splinter group, the GSPC (now al-Qa‘ida fi Bilad al-Maghreb al-Islami or al-Qa‘ida in the Islamic Countries of al-Maghreb – QICM).1 The chapter starts chronologically with overviews of the MB followed by the IG. Then it proceeds with the background of the third case: al-Jihad Organization. This is followed by the Algerian cases: the AIS, the GIA and the GSPC/QICM. These historical overviews are a precursor to a detailed analysis of the causes of deradicalization in later chapters.
