ABSTRACT
If the mass communications industry does not, in and of itself, have a right to freedom of expression, but benefits from it insofar as its activities promote such freedom, it follows that those who spend their professional lives in the employ of the communications media find themselves in an analogous situation. To state this is to go against a widely held view that in carrying out their work, journalists are exercising this basic right directly, so that they should be immune from intervention by public judicial authorities and others.121 We must therefore explain and justify the position taken.
