ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the principle of direct effect which allows EC environmental directives to be directly relied on to protect the environment. In addition, it looks at the possibility of relying directly on the provisions of international environmental agreements ratified by the Community. Finally, the chapter explains how groups and individuals can make indirect use of EC environmental laws by asking national courts to interpret national law in order to comply with EC law. Environmental groups can take all of these actions at the same time as sending a complaint to the Commission or sending a petition to the Parliament (see Chapters 13 and 14).
